ABSTRACT. As the fourth largest importer of olive oil and the fifth largest importer of olives, Brazil is one of the largest importers of olive (Olea europaea L.) products in the world. In recent decades, the introduction and growth of olive cultivars with lower chilling requirements in the south and southeast regions of Brazil have made olive production viable in the country. However, there is a dearth of information about the management of olive crops in Brazil, especially in relation to studies about the nutritional needs of olive trees grown in subtropical regions, which may enable advances in the productivity of this fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, dry matter production and nutritional status of the olive tree under the effect of nutrient omissions, as well as to establish visual diagnostic parameters of nutrient deficiencies. We used a completely randomized design with ten treatments and three replicates grown in the Hoagland-Arnon nutrient solution and solutions with individual omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, and Zn. The treatments that most limited the growth of olive trees were the N, Ca, and B omission treatments.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de aumentar a disponibilidade para os consumidores, agregar ainda mais valor aos pêssegos (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) e identificar quais cultivares cultivadas em regiões tropicais são mais adequadas para o processamento de geleia, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e avaliar a influência de diferentes cultivares de pessegueiro (‘Aurora’, ‘Biuti’, ‘Bonão’, ‘Centenário’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Douradão’, ‘Libra’, ‘Régis’ e ‘Tropical’) cultivadas em regiões tropicais nas características físico-químicas, reológicas e sensoriais da geleia resultante. Verificou-se que as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram grande variabilidade entre si em relação às características físicas e físico-químicas. As geleias elaboradas a partir destas cultivares, embora apresentam grande variabilidade em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos e reológicos, apresentaram alta aceitação. Conclui-se, que todas as cultivares estudadas são indicadas para processamento e podem ser destinadas à industrialização.

ABSTRACT: In order to increase the availability to consumers and add even more value to peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and to identify which cultivars grown in tropical regions are more suitable for jelly processing, the objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the influence of different peach cultivars (‘Aurora’, ‘Biuti’, ‘Bonão’, ‘Centenário’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Douradão’, ‘Libra’, ‘Régis’ and ‘Tropical’) cultivated in tropical regions on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting jelly. The evaluated cultivars presented great variability among themselves in relation to the physical and physicochemical characteristics. The jellies elaborated from these cultivars; although, presenting great variability in relation to the physicochemical and rheological parameters, presented similar, high acceptance. All cultivars studied are suitable for processing and can be used for industrialization.

RESUMO: Visando a seleção de porta-enxertos para a produção de mudas, o objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar a propagação seminífera em castanhas com ou sem a realização de incisões. Foram utilizadas nove cultivares (‘Ibuki’, ‘Isumo’, ‘Kinshu’, ‘Moriwase’, ‘Okuni’, ‘Senri’, ‘Taishowase’, ‘Tamatsukuri’ e ‘Tiodowase’) e duas seleções (‘KM-1’ e ‘KM-2’) de castanheira híbridas (Castanea crenata x Castanea sp.). Em metade das castanhas, realizou-se uma incisão e a outra metade das castanhas permaneceu intacta. Foram quantificadas a porcentagem de germinação, emergência e o comprimento das raízes. As castanhas germinadas foram transplantadas onde se quantificou o diâmetro e a altura das mudas e ao final, a massa seca da parte aérea. Em seguida foram enxertadas pelo método de garfagem as seleções de castanheira ‘KM-2’ e ‘Jacutinga’, se quantificando a porcentagem de brotação, além do diâmetro e altura dos enxertos. Concluiu-se que as incisões aumentam a germinação e a emergência das plântulas, na maioria das cultivares e seleções. ‘Taishowase’ e ‘Tamatsukuri’ se destacam em relação as demais quanto a germinação e crescimento dos porta-enxertos.

ABSTRACT: Aiming the selection of rootstocks to produce seedlings, the objective of this study was to quantify the seminiferous propagation in chestnut seeds, with or without incisions. Nine cultivars were used (‘Ibuki’, ‘Isumo’, ‘Kinshu’, ‘Moriwase’, ‘Okuni’, ‘Senri’, ‘Taishowase’, ‘Tamatsukuri’ and ‘Tiodowase’) and two selections (‘KM-1’ and ‘KM-2’) of hybrid chestnut trees (Castanea crenata x Castanea sp.). An incision was held in half of chestnuts and the other half remained intact. Percentage of germination, emergence and root length were quantified. The germinated nuts were transplanted and were quantified the diameter and height of seedlings. Then, the chestnut selections ‘KM-2’ and ‘Jacutinga’ were grafted by the cleft grafting method, and were quantified the percentage of sprouting, besides the diameter and height of grafts. Incisions increase the germination and seedling emergence in most cultivars and selections. ‘Taishowase’ and ‘Tamatsukuri’ stood out over the others to germination, growth of the rootstocks.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento dos enxertos e a caracterização anatômica de cultivares de pereira e marmeleiro enxertadas nos porta-enxertos Pyrus calleryana e Chaenomeles sinensis. Foram feitas avaliações quanto às percentagens dos enxertos brotados aos 60 dias e quanto ao comprimento e o diâmetro da brotação dos enxertos aos 120 dias. Cortaram-se porções caulinares da região da enxertia, em seções transversais e longitudinais, e o xilema secundário foi separado para comparação dos tecidos. As pereiras apresentaram bom desenvolvimento sobre o porta-enxerto P.calleryana, e os cortes anatômicos apresentaram tecidos vasculares conectados, o que não ocorreu quando as pereiras foram enxertadas em C.sinensis, em que os enxertos brotaram mas não se desenvolveram, e os tecidos vasculares não se conectaram. Os marmeleiros apresentaram bom desenvolvimento em ambos os porta-enxertos, em razão da boa conexão dos tecidos vasculares. A conexão dos tecidos vasculares é fundamental para o sucesso da enxertia. As espécies utilizadas não diferiram significativamente quanto a seus tecidos do xilema secundário. A incompatibilidade encontrada entre as pereiras e o porta-enxerto C. sinensis não é anatômica.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the graft growth and the anatomical characterization of pear (Pyrus communis x P. pyrifolia) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) cultivars grafted on Pyrus calleryana and Chaenomeles sinensis rootstocks. Sprouted graft percentages at 60 days and the length and diameter of the graft sproutings at 120 days were evaluated. Stem cuttings from the grafting region were performed in transversal and longitudinal sections, and the secondary xylem was separated for tissue comparison. The pear trees showed good development on P.calleryana rootstock, and the anatomical sections showed that the vascular tissues were connected, which did not occur when the trees were grafted on C.sinensis, in which the grafts sprouted, but did not develop, and the vascular tissues did not connect. The quince trees showed good development on both rootstocks due to the good connection of the vascular tissues. The connection of vascular tissues is essential for the success of grafting. The evaluated species did not differ significantly as to their secondary xylem tissues. The incompatibility found between the pear trees and the C.sinensis rootstocks is not anatomical.

RESUMO: O caquizeiro é propagado por enxertia e os porta-enxertos são produzidos por sementes. A enxertia é realizada em julho, que coincide com a época de poda dos caquizeiros. Porém, nessa época, muitos porta-enxertos ainda não estão aptos a receberem os enxertos. Nesse sentido, o armazenamento dos ramos porta-borbulhas/garfos seria uma opção. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo de verificar a viabilidade do armazenamento refrigerado dos ramos porta-borbulhas/garfos e diagnosticar o método de enxertia para promover melhor desenvolvimento do enxerto. A semeadura dos porta-enxertos foi realizada em agosto de 2012 e os ramos foram coletados em julho de 2013. Uma parte dos ramos foi utilizada para a realização da enxertia (métodos de borbulhia e garfagem) em porta-enxertos de um ano de idade e a outra parte foi armazenada sob baixa temperatura (estacas envoltas em papel umedecido, embrulhadas em sacos de polietileno colocadas em câmara fria a 4°C), pelos meses de agosto a dezembro. A cada 30 dias, uma quantidade de ramos foi removida da câmara fria para a realização das enxertias por borbulhia e garfagem e para a quantificação dos açúcares totais e amido dos ramos porta-borbulhas/garfos armazenados. Passados 120 dias da realização das enxertias, foram mensurados o comprimento e diâmetro do broto, número de folhas, porcentagem de brotação, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes dos enxertos. Conclui-se que não há diferença na brotação dos enxertos para as diferentes épocas, porém, em mudas enxertadas pelo método de garfagem, há maior crescimento quando os garfos são armazenados a frio durante 60 a 120 dias.

ABSTRACT: The persimmon tree is propagated by grafting and the rootstocks are produced from seeds. Grafting is done in July, which coincides with the time when the persimmon trees are pruned. But, at this time, many rootstocks are not yet eligible to receive the grafts. In this case budsticks/cleft storage is an option. Thus, this study aimed to verify the feasibility of cold storage of budsticks/cleft and verify the grafting method to promote better graft development. Rootstock was sown in August 2012 and the branches were collected in July 2013. Part of the branches was used for grafting (budding and cleft graft methods) in one-year old rootstocks and the other part was stored at low temperature (cuttings wrapped in moistened paper and then wrapped in polyethylene bags placed in cold storage at 4°C), during the months of August to December. Every 30 days, a number of branches was removed from the cold storage to perform grafting by budding and cleft and to quantify total sugars and starch in the budsticks/cleft stored. One hundred and twenty days after the grafting was performed, the length and diameter of the bud, number of leaves, sprouting percentage, dry weight of aerial part and root from the grafts were measured. It was concluded that there is no difference in the budding graft for different periods, but in seedlings grafted by the cleft grafting method there is greater growth when the clefts have been in cold storage for 60 to 120 days.

The performance of Syrah grapevine under protected cultivation with different plastic films was evaluated during 2012 and 2013 seasons in South of Minas Gerais State. Agronomical and physiological measurements were done on eight years old grapevines, grafted onto ‘1103 Paulsen’ rootstock cultivated under uncovered conditions, covered with transparent and with diffuse plastic films. Both plastic covers induced the highest shoot growth rate and specific leaf area. The diffuse plastic induced greater differences on leaf area, pruning weight and leaf chlorophyll content as compared to uncovered vines. Grapevines under diffuse plastic also had the lowest rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Leaf starch, glucose and fructose contents were not affected by treatment, but leaf sucrose was reduced by transparent plastic. The leaf and stem water potential were higher under diffuse plastic. In 2013, grapevines under diffuse plastic showed the highest yields mainly due to decreased rot incidence and increased cluster weight. Furthermore, berries under diffuse plastic showed the highest anthocyanins concentration. The use of diffuse plastic induces more agronomical benefits to produce Syrah grape under protected cultivation.